retrieval of a dead man's memory possible?- immediately after death or later- for forensic and medico legal problems of law/crime



Human thought is an algorithm running on the laws of physics. Sooner or later that algorithm will be understood, simulated and improved upon. Computers will be able to simulate the algorithm


Associated articles:-

[1]currently there is no neuro protective agent that can save the brain cells from destruction due to lack of blood supply of more than 5 minutes ,under ordinary circumstances

another problem is of "contents" of the dead brain digital storage of massive amounts of information residue from the person's life including writings,photos etc and sesual perceptions during life time of the dead person needs a lot of computer space to down load with our present knowledge ;even if a technology to down load the dead man's brain storage details are discovered
Corresponding regions of human and shark brain are shown. The shark brain is splayed out, while the human brain is more compact. The shark brain starts with the medulla, which is surrounded by various structures, and ends with the telencephalon. The cross-section of the human brain shows the medulla at the bottom surrounded by the same structures, with the telencephalon thickly coating the top of the brain.


associated articles:-

[2]Hypnotic recall reveals the source!
The best evidence we have that reincarnation exists consists of:





  • Waking state (normal) memories of past lives. Many young children have memories of a previous existence, and make remarks to their parents that may seem preposterous. Yet, in documented cases, some children were able to identify their previous homes and recognize their former relatives and friends. Adults retain memories of past lives too. There are some cases where past life information would have been difficult to obtain, yet when researched, the information proved accurate.
  • Documented cases exist of two or more people, strangers to each other, remembering the same past life event in great detail. People speaking or writing in foreign languages (even dead languages) while regressed to the appropriate time and place.

Is Past Life Recall Real?
Not all experiences recalled in a Past Life Exploration (PLE) have actually been lived out in a former lifetime. Whether or not past life hypnosis consistently uncover past life experiences is likely to remain open for debate.

[3]Retireve files from broken memory stick?
my memory stick no longer works...it isnt recognised when i put it in my computer. ive tried outting on other computers but i think the connection part is gone. is there any way of retrieving the files? a whole years work will be gone and wasted if i cant retrieve the files.?depends how it is broken, if there is a physical reason, broken connection inside, then it will be possible but if the ram chip inside has died then sorry you've lost it all.

[4]near death experiences:-
There have many relatively recent studies on consciousness. The current theory is that consciousness is where the memories are stored, not the brain. Many scientists have postulated that as an information storage unit the brain cannot possibly hold all the information. Therefore, the brain is more of an accessing unit much like a radio receiver. Additional findings have shown that the way we remember is not as a computer disk drive, but rather we store a core memory attached to an emotion and then file it in an concept area in the brain. When we retrieve our memories, we are programmed to "fill in the gaps." Therefore brain memories rarely are 100% totally accurate. However, that being said, the NDEs report 100% life reviews of every thought, deed, and how we made others feel. This is the computer hard drive - the consciousness that survives death. When consciousness returns to the body, it takes typically 7 years to have those intense memories of the NDE to funnel through the brain. My guess is that it is such an intense experience that it may create in the brain what is known as a "flashbulb moment." These are times that the brain takes a picture of a particular instance, usually occurring in times of heightened sensory and emotional input or life-threatening moments. These memories are ingrained in the brain and the person can recall like it happened yesterday.
[5]The mind-body problem:-
Understanding the relationship between the brain and the mind is a challenging problem both philosophically and scientifically. The most straightforward scientific evidence that there is a strong relationship between the physical brain matter and the mind is the impact physical alterations to the brain have on the mind, such as with traumatic brain injury and psychoactive drug use.
The mind-body problem is one of the central issues in the history of philosophy, which asks us to consider if the brain and the mind are identical, partially distinct, or related in some unknown way. There are three major schools of thought concerning the answer: dualism, materialism, and idealism. Dualism holds that the mind exists independently of the brain; materialism holds that mental phenomena are identical to neuronal phenomena; and idealism holds that only mental phenomena exist.
In addition to the philosophical questions, the relationship between mind and brain involves a high number of scientific questions, including understanding the relationship between mental activity and brain activity, the exact mechanisms by which drugs influence cognition, and the neural correlates of consciousness.

[6]Computational neuroscience encompasses two approaches: first, the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation.On one hand, it is possible to write a computer program to simulate the operation of a group of neurons by making use of systems of equations that describe their electrochemical activity; such simulations are known as biologically realistic neural networks. On the other hand, it is possible to study algorithms for neural computation by simulating, or mathematically analyzing, the operations of simplified "units" that have some of the properties of neurons but abstract out much of their biological complexity. The computational functions of the brain are studied both by neuroscientists and computer scientists.
CAN WE REVIVE THE BRAIN/THE MEMORY IN FUTURE?!AFTER DEATH
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These are the headlines for March the 22nd, 2012.


Researchers may have discovered how memories are encoded in the brain

While it’s generally accepted that memories are stored somewhere, somehow in our brains, the exact process has never been entirely understood. Strengthened synaptic connections between neurons definitely have something to do with it, although the synaptic membranes involved are constantly degrading and being replaced – this seems to be somewhat at odds with the fact that some memories can last for a person’s lifetime. Now, a team of scientists believe that they may have figured out what’s going on. Their findings could have huge implications for the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's.



Digital storage: Shakespeare’s sonnets encoded in DNA



READ MORE Shakespeare|EMBL|DNA
LONDON: A genetic storage device has been used to 'download' all 154 of Shakespeare's sonnets on to strands of synthetic DNA, in a breakthrough which could solve the problem of storing the ever-growing mountain of data.

Scientists were able to decode the information and reproduce the words of the Bard with complete accuracy.

The new method by researchers at the EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI ), published in the journal Nature, makes it possible to store at least 100 million hours of high-definition video in about a cup of DNA.

The technique made it possible to store a 26 second excerpt from Martin Luther King's 'I Have A Dream' speech and a photo of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory where the work took place.

Researchers were also able to turn a copy of Watson and Crick's paper describing the nature ofDNA into genetic code.

There is a lot of digital information in the world — about three zettabytes' worth (3000 billion billion bytes) — and the constant influx of new digital content poses a real challenge for archivists. Hard disks are expensive and require a constant supply of electricity, while even the best "no-power" archiving materials such as magnetic tape degrade within a decade.

This is a growing problem in the life sciences, where massive volumes of data — including DNA sequences — make up the fabric of the scientific record.

"We already know that DNA is a robust way to store information because we can extract it from bones of woolly mammoths , which date back tens of thousands of years, and make sense of it," said Nick Goldman of EMBL-EBI . "It's also incredibly small, dense and does not need any power for storage, so shipping and keeping it is easy," Goldman said in a statement.

Reading DNA is fairly straightforward, but writing it has until now been a major hurdle to making DNA storage a reality . The new method required synthesising DNA from the encoded information which was done by a California-based company.
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ARRIVAL OF ARTIFICIAL SUPER MEMORY

can this method be used to extract lost memories from a medico legal dead person ?




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New US brain wave: Unlocking the mind



WASHINGTON: The Obama administration is planning a decade-long scientific effort to examine the workings of the human brain and build a comprehensive map of its activity, seeking to do for the brain what the Human Genome Project did for genetics.

The project, which the administration has been looking to unveil as early as March, will include federal agencies, private foundations and teams of neuroscientists and nanoscientists in a concerted effort to advance the knowledge of the brain's billions of neurons and gain greater insights into perception, actions and, ultimately, consciousness . Scientists with the highest hopes for the project also see it as a way to develop the technology essential to understanding diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's , as well as to find new therapies for a variety of mental illnesses. Moreover, the project holds the potential of paving the way for advances in artificial intelligence.

The project, which could ultimately cost billions of dollars, is expected to be part of the president's budget proposal next month. And, four scientists and representatives of research institutions said they had participated in planning for what is being called the Brain Activity Map project. The details are not final, and it is not clear how much federal money would be proposed or approved for the project in a time of fiscal constraint or how far the research would be able to get without federal financing. In his state of the union address, Obama cited brain research as an example of how the government should "invest in the best ideas" .

"Every dollar we invested to map the human genome returned $140 to our economy — every dollar," he said. "Today our scientists are mapping the human brain to unlock the answers to Alzheimer's . They're developing drugs to regenerate damaged organs , devising new materials to make batteries 10 times more powerful. Now is not the time to gut these job-creating investments in science and innovation."

The initiative, if successful, could provide a lift for the economy . "The Human Genome Project was on the order of about $300 million a year for a decade," said George M Church, a Harvard University molecular biologist who helped create that project . "If you look at the total spending in neuroscience and nanoscience that might be relative to this today, we are already spending more than that. We probably won't spend less money, but we will probably get a lot more bang for the buck." Scientists said they hoped that federal financing would be more than $300 million a year.
 



personal flying machines using inflatable, wearable, non inflammable gas filled body suit [and also body suit with wing]



blows up like a hot air balloon when the zip  is opened from one side and the breeze fills the air space.
Once the bodysuit is fully inflated, its wearer should be light enough to walk on water,and  to just float up a few inches in the air;with an air propeller at the back or front ;powered by rechargeable battery-that is what is needed by an ordinary man for a little bit of flying

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dirigible airship prototype approaches completion-my wish is to use this technology-  as seen above--for human flight of short duration at a height of max:6 feet

By
December 4, 2012
The Aeroscraft uses a suite of new mechanical and aerospace technologies
The Aeroscraft uses a suite of new mechanical and aerospace technologies
Image Gallery (9 images)
The dirigible airship, the oddball aircraft of another era, is making a comeback. California-based Aeros Corporation has created a prototype of its new breed of variable buoyancy aircraft and expects the vehicle to be finished before the end of 2012. With its new cargo handling technology, minimum fuel consumption, vertical take-off and landing features and point to point delivery, the Aeroscraft platform promises to revolutionize airship technology.
The Aeroscraft ship uses a suite of new mechanical and aerospace technologies. It operates off a buoyancy management system which controls and adjusts the buoyancy of the vehicle, making it light or heavy for any stages of ground and flight operation. Automatic flight control systems give it equilibrium in all flight modes and allow it to adjust helium pressurized envelopes depending on the buoyancy requirements. It just needs one pilot and has an internal ballast control system, which allows it to offload cargo, without using ballast. Built with a rigid structure, the Aeroscraft can control lift at all stages with its Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) capabilities and carry maximum payload while in hover. What makes it different from other vehicles is that it does not need a runway or ground infrastructure.
Aeros has been running for 25 years as an airship producer as well as a research and development firm for the aerospace industry.
First, it has to be said that the Aeroscraft is not a blimp and it’s not a hybrid vehicle. And according to Aeros, it’s definitely nothing like the ill-fated LZ129 Hindenburg airship which crashed and burst into flames in New Jersey in 1937.
At the time, the disastrous crash was seen as the end of airships. But technology has marched on. The Aeroscraft is a completely different and radical design. The United States Patent and Trademark office issue assigned a design patent for the Aeroscraft in July 2012. Design elements include a smart automotive digital flight control system, enhanced envelope fabric and a robotic mooring system that make it superior in operations and maintenance. Of course, that means it has a minimum personnel requirement.
Aeroscraft prototype
The vehicle is close to being completely built and ready for operation. The multilayer outer cover application is now in complete and the Aeros expects to finish construction over the next three weeks. The two front horizontal control surfaces, known in the industry as Canards, have been successfully tested and are ready to go.
So what can we expect to see next year?
The Aeroscraft prototype is 79 meters (260 ft) long, and while it is not designed to carry a payload, Aeros says the planned full-scale craft will be almost twice as long and will be capable of carrying a maximum payload of 66 tons with no infrastructure requirements. It is much simpler and easier than using a plane, which has the potential to significantly reduce air freight costs.
The vehicle, which promises to cut fuel consumption by one third of what’s traditionally generated by air freight, is designed to deliver payload directly to point of use, bypassing ports and highways, and taking goods to areas with minimum infrastructure. It has vertical take-off and landing capabilities, the ability to operate at low speed and it can hover from unprepared surfaces. Goods can be off-loaded with minimum ground handling.
Aeros says the vehicle would suit commercial operations and humanitarian missions involving search and rescue, emergency relief and airborne hospitals but the obvious area where we would most likely see it initially would be the military. It would be particularly useful for the Pentagon which is already deploying drones. A stationary or slow moving Aeroscraft could provide constant surveillance, potentially lingering over an area for days at a time.
Significantly, Aeros already has a commercial relationship with the US Army, picking up a contract in July for Technology Enabled Capability Demonstrations (TECD) in areas related to force protection. This involves the shrapnel and fragment resistant flexible panels based on Aeros Interfacial Debonding Energy Absorption (IDEA) fabric technology and portable lightweight structural hybrid truss towers based on Aeros’ composite hybrid truss design and fabrication process.
Aeros has already been talking to USTRANSCOM, the United States Transportation Command which is part of the Department of Defence.
Stay tuned for our in-depth interview with Aeros founder and CEO Igor Pasternak.
Source: Aeros
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December 5, 2012-
UAVs. To stay airborne longer, Boeing has turned to hydrogen to fuel its Phantom Eye, Qinetiq’s Zephyr relies on solar power and Northrop Grumman’s Global Hawk can refuel autonomously in mid-air. But CyPhy Works has taken a different approach with its first UAVs. By connecting to a ground-based power source via a “microfilament,” the UAVs are able to stay aloft indefinitely.
 CyPhy Works' Extreme Access System for Entry (EASE)
  It features a ducted-fan design that gives it vertical takeoff and landing and hover capabilities.
  EASE is designed to be powered by batteries in the base station that should keep EASE in the air for 50 minutes
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Baumgartl Heliofly I
1941
Baumgartl Heliofly IBaumgartl Heliofly I
The Austrian engineer, Paul Baumgartl, concerned himself during the Second World War with the design of small single-seat helicopters, in the suburbs of Vienna. It is not certain whether his work was sponsored by the German Government, but his machines were in the same category as those of Nagler-Rolz. Baumgartl's first product was the Heliofly I of 1941, which was little more than a strap-on autogyro glider for sporting use.

jet pack





[2]Wingsuit:-"A piece of equipment that holds fabric in place between a skydiver’s arms and legs, creating the possibility for sustained forward movement through the air. The skydiver’s body forms the only frame for the wings of the suit (no external, rigid frames).

and with light weight inflatable frame


 a functional backpack helicopter.
A possible design for a helibackpack with contra-rotating twin rotors

The SoloTrek XFV (Exo-skeletal Flying Vehicle)
 was a single-person VTOL aircraft. It was first flown in December 2001 by Millennium Jet Inc, a private company run by Michael Moshier. Millennium Jet subsequently changed its name to Trek Aerospace Inc. The SoloTrek had one seat and was propelled by two ducted fans located above and on either side of the user, leading some to class it as a type of backpack helicopter. It ran for around 2 hours on gasoline fuel. According to Michael Moshier, SoloTrek was capable of hovering for up to two hours, flying at 100km/h and travelling more than 200km.

The Bell Rocket Belt
 is a low-power rocket propulsion device that allows an individual to safely travel or leap over small distances. It is a type of rocket pack

. 


Artist's depiction of a jetpack with folding wings




Bruce McCandless II operating the Manned Maneuvering Unit;The Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) is a propulsion backpack which was used by NASA astronauts on three space shuttle missions in 1984. The MMU allowed the astronauts to perform untethered EVA spacewalks at a distance from the shuttle. The MMU was used in practice to retrieve a pair of faulty communications satellites, 


Rocket man flies to 8200ft in SwitzerlandSwiss professional pilot Yves Rossy, the world's first man to fly with fitted jet-fuel powered wings strapped to his back, is seen moments after jumping from a plane for his first official demonstration.





After six years of planning, Swiss inventor and aviation enthusiast Yves Rossy thrilled crowds earlier this month with a flight over the Alps in his home-made rocket suit. At speeds of up to 300km/h he used his body to steer himself through a figure-of-eight and even a 360 degree roll.


Geneva, SWITZERLAND: The World's first man to fly with fitted jet fuel powered wings, Swiss professional pilot and inventor Yves Rossy poses 18 April 2007 a the opening day of the 35th Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva. More than 700 exhibitors from 42 countries are present at the World's largest exhibition dedicated to innovation in the world.
Geneva, SWITZERLAND: The World's first man to fly with fitted jet fuel powered wings, Swiss professional pilot and inventor Yves Rossy poses 18 April 2007 a the opening day of the 35th Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva. More than 700 exhibitors from 42 countries are present at the World's largest exhibition dedicated to innovation in the world.


completes historic Channel crossing with home-made jetpack-Yves Rossy landed safely after the 22-mile (35.4 km) flight from Calais to Dover; his success signalled "big potential" 
for people to fly "a little bit like a bird" in the future.
The wing had no rudder or tail fin, so Mr Rossy had to steer it using his head and back.

As well as a helmet and parachute, he wore a special suit to protect him from the four kerosene-burning turbines mounted just centimetres from him on the wing. 


Dover Calais map


The Hiller VZ-1 Pawnee (U.S. Army designation; earlier Army designation: HO-1) was a unique direct lift rotor aircraft, using contra-rotating ducted fans inside a platform that the single pilot stood upon for lift, and controlled by the pilot shifting his body weight around to tilt the platform. The platform was developed starting in 1953 under an Office of Naval Research contract to Hiller Aircraft Corporation, and flew successfully starting in 1955.



The Martin Jetpack flying at  AirVenture 2008.





 Shell out46,000 for a flying tricycle,beat rush-hour traffic

London: A man in the US has built a tricycle that will let you soar into the sky and cruise over rush-hour traffic jams.The motor-tricycle,called the super sky cycle,has been developed by Larry Neal from Aurora in Texas and consists of a 582cc engine and a three-blade 68-inch propeller.
It can fly at 56kmph,land in 20ft of space and has a top land speed of 104kph.It has a five hour flight time without refueling,and costs 46,000,the Daily Mail reported.
However,the vehicle requires a pilots licence to fly.Neal,of The Butterfly Aircraft LLC,has just been awarded a US Patent to build the vehicle on a large scale and sell it to the general public.He already has several orders for national and international companies.
The project has been in development for several years but hit a stumbling block as Neal could not work out what to do with the propellers once the vehicle landed.
However,he overcame this problem by making them foldable -- allowing the vehicle to be driven on regular roads.The Texas border patrol has already made a large order of these flying machines.PTI



Happy to day my dream has come true

The astonishing flying tricycle that could help you avoid the rush hour traffic  



Flying Trike maiden flight 



World's first manned flight with an electric multicopter




CyPhy Works' UAVs use ground-based power to stay aloft indefinitely

By
December 5, 2012
CyPhy Works' EASE UAV gets its power via a 'microfilament' cable
CyPhy Works' EASE UAV gets its power via a 'microfilament' cable
Image Gallery (7 images)
Endurance is one of the biggest limiting factors of UAVs. To stay airborne longer, Boeing has turned to hydrogen to fuel its Phantom Eye, Qinetiq’s Zephyr relies on solar power and Northrop Grumman’s Global Hawk can refuel autonomously in mid-air. But CyPhy Works has taken a different approach with its first UAVs. By connecting to a ground-based power source via a “microfilament,” the UAVs are able to stay aloft indefinitely.
Founded by iRobot co-founder and former Chairman Helen Greiner, the Massachusetts-based CyPhy Works is aiming to “design and deliver innovative robots.” Drawing power from a ground-based source by way of a continuous cable might at first glance seem like a step backwards in terms of UAV innovation, but the company is keen to point out the advantages of its cabled system used in its first two UAVs.

EASE

CyPhy Works' Extreme Access System for Entry (EASE)
The EASE (Extreme Access System for Entry) is a small vehicle that, with a diameter of 12 inches (30 cm) and height of 16 inches (41 cm), is designed to be able to fly through doors and windows and fit inside a standard backpack when not in use. It features a ducted-fan design that gives it vertical takeoff and landing and hover capabilities.
Designed as a man-portable system, EASE is designed to be powered by batteries in the base station that should keep EASE in the air for 50 minutes. However, the batteries are hot-swappable, enabling EASE to stay aloft as long as there are batteries available. EASE can also be powered by a properly equipped vehicle or, with the use of an additional AC-DC converter, a generator or the grid. However, to keep the weight of the system down, an AC-DC converter isn't part of the core system.
Whatever the source, power is supplied from the ground via a fishing-line thin microfilament cable made up of two strands of copper wire that is spooled out from the UAV itself. CyPhy Works says the EASE’s onboard spooler gives the vehicle greater mobility and ensures there is no tension placed on the cable even if it gets tangled in a tree branch or other obstacle.
CyPhy Works' microfilament compared to a headphone cable
As well as supplying power, the microfilament is also used to communicate with a lightweight ground control station (GCS), which serves as the UAV’s remote brain. The company is keeping the design of the GCS under wraps for now, but CyPhy Works’ Lead Roboticist and Director of Operations, Jason Walker, did tell us that high definition video captured on the EASE’s cameras is displayed on the GCS itself. The GCS is also able to output video to an external monitor or stream it over a network.
Speaking of the cameras, EASE comes with two color HD cameras – one front looking and one down looking – as standard, with a thermal camera also available as an option. The company points out that the cabled connection allows 720p video at 30 fps to be monitored in real time, unlike the choppy, low res video provided by wireless systems that can cut out completely when a UAV rounds a corner or enters a building. Additionally, this video can’t be intercepted or jammed and the aircraft itself can’t be spoofed.
With a range of 1,000 ft (305 m), the EASE can operate up to a height of 300 ft (91 m) above ground level, at altitudes of up to 7,000 ft (2.1 km).

PARC

CyPhy Works' Persistent Aerial Reconnaissance and Communications (PARC) system
The Persistent Aerial Reconnaissance and Communications (PARC) system employs a more familiar quadrotor design and is significantly larger than its stablemate. Intended for staying higher, longer to provide a persistent eye in the sky, the PARC system is designed to be connected to the grid, a generator or a vehicle for its power needs.
The PARC system also works in conjunction with a GCS and receives its power via a microfilament. However, these are different to the GCS and spooling mechanism used with EASE. Although CyPhy isn’t ready to reveal details of the PARC system's spooling mechanism, it will enable the aircraft to hover at heights of up to 1,000 ft (305 m) at altitudes of up to 11,000 ft (3.4 km). And if the UAV does run into problems and the cable is cut, it won’t just plummet from the sky, with an onboard back-up battery providing enough power for it to safely return to base.
The vehicle measures 55 inches (140 cm) in diameter and 16 inches (41 cm) high and carries two gyro stabilized, gimbal-mounted cameras – a 720p color camera with 10x optical zoom and 1.0 lux low light capabilities, and a 640 x 480 resolution thermal camera. It also boasts additional payload capacity for carrying sensors or communications devices.
Walker emphasized that both the EASE and PARC systems are designed around CyPhy Works’ “no-pilots” philosophy, so that the operator doesn’t really “fly” the aircraft but guides it to what they want to see. The GCS does the navigation processing grunt work and presents the relevant data to the user in a simple and usable way.
While Walker describes EASE as a teleoperated system in its current form, the CyPhy team anticipates providing it with increased autonomy capabilities in the future. PARC, on the other hand, is already almost completely autonomous. While there are controls on the GCS for adjusting the craft’s altitude and heading, the majority of the GCS controls are devoted to controlling the craft’s payloads.
Walker says the robots have already attracted interest from military, commercial and civil users but, due in large part to airspace usage restrictions, the military is likely to be the first place the UAVs spread their wings. However, Walker adds that the aircraft also have great potential for use in emergency and disaster response situations, as well as for law enforcement agencies in documenting traffic accidents and crime scenes.
The video below shows a flight test of EASE at the McKenna MOUT Site at Ft. Benning, Georgia.
Source: CyPhy Works via AUVSI
Editor's Note: This story was amended on Dec. 7, 2012, to clarify the EASE's alternative power source options, the PARC system's (not the EASE) capabilities to return to base in the event of damage to the microfilament and clarify that the PARC system uses a different GCS to EASE.



Human-powered chopper flies into the record books


WASHINGTON: A Canadian-built helicopter that is powered by a human riding a bicycle has become the first winner of a decades-old $250,000 engineering prize. 

The American Helicopter Society had never given out its Igor Sikorsky Human-Powered Helicopter Award — initiated 33 years ago — until the team from the University of Toronto snatched it this week. 

The challenge was to create a flying machine that would be able to reach a height of three metres, fly for 60 seconds by human power alone, and stay in a 10 by 10 metre area. 

"It was long seen as impossible to win this," AHS International executive director Mike Hirschberg told AFP. 

The winning vehicle is called the Atlas, and was designed by a team of about 20 students and young professionals. 

The aircraft is extremely light — just 55 kg — but it spans a sprawling 162 feet (49.4 metres). 

"This is not about creating a practical machine," said Hirschberg. "This is to set a challenge for young engineers, to harness their creativity and technical skills and to experience working as a team against really, extremely challenging requirements ," he added. 

"It is sort of like climbing Mount Everest for the first time — to prove it can be done." 

The winning June 13 flight was pedalled by team leader Todd Reichert , 31, an aerodynamics expert and competitive speed skater. 

Reichert is chief aerodynamicist at a company called AeroVelo , which was created by the students in their mission to win the competition's cash. 

AeroVelo co-founder Cameron Robertson, 26, said the aircraft is designed to be ridden by someone 160 pounds or less. 

It also requires a fairly strong pedaller, requiring about one horsepower to operate, when the average person could probably manage a half horsepower, he said. 

Robertson said the team was motivated by the prospect of "showing people that impossible is nothing." 

The $250,000 prize, which was formally awarded Thursday after about a month of technical review of the winning flight, was also a key factor. 

Winning it will allow the team to invest more in AeroVelo and support research with the current crop of University of Toronto engineering students, Robertson said. 

The prize is named for Igor Sikorsky, a Russian born engineer and pilot who came to America in 1919 and in 1939 designed and flew the first successful single main rotor helicopter in the world. 

The amount was set at $10,000 when the award was initiated in 1980 and was soon raised to $25,000. 

But no-one ever won, and the program stagnated through much of the 1990s and 2000s until Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation agreed in 2009 to raise the amount to $250,000. 

"That quarter of a million dollars absolutely brought out some of the best innovators and the best talents in tackling this challenge," said Hirschberg. 

The first prize attempt at a human powered helicopter was by California Polytechnic State University, which flew its craft for 8.6 seconds at a height of eight inches off the ground in 1989, according to AHS. A team from Nihon University in Japan set the endurance record for the prize with almost 20 seconds in 1994.

For the winning University of Toronto AeroVelo team, Robertson said the next lofty challenge is building an extremely lightweight bicycle that can reach human-pedalled speeds of 120 kilometres per hour.
























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