A test to tell if you're at risk of early death

LONDON: Scientists have found that the ability or inability to stand up on one leg can indicate which 53-year-olds are at risk of premature death.

Fifty-three-year-old men who could balance on one leg for more than 10 seconds and stand up and sit down in a chair more than 37 times in a minute were found to be least likely to die early. Women in the same age group who could stand up and sit down more than 35 times in a minute and stand on one leg for more than 10 seconds were also in the low-risk category.

The researchers led by Rachel Cooper at the Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London examined the associations of grip strength, chair rise speed and standing balance time at age 53 with death rates from all-causes over the following 13 years. The survey has been tracking the health of over 5,000 people since their births in 1946.

Low levels of physical capability - in particular weak grip strength, slow chair rise speed and poor standing balance performance have been found to accurately indicate poorer chances of survival over the next 13 years while greater time spent in light intensity physical activity each day is linked to a reduced risk of developing disability in adults. Those with poor grip strength, chair rise speed and standing balance time at the age of 53 had over 12 times higher death rates.

Slate Magazine (blog) - Apr 25, 2014

Google Search: A visual history

"To organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful."
That was one of the primary goals Larry Page and Sergey Brin set when they launched Google in 1998 as a privately owned search company. Since then, the Mountain View-based outfit has branched out, creating a mobile operating system, mapping service, cloud-based productivity apps, branded devices and, now, smart thermostats. All of those offshoots, however, always point back to the company's original aim: search. That baseline service is something Google's been making refinements to ever since its inception. A practice that continues to this day, with the company constantly improving upon the usability and design of its search-based offerings. This means cleaning up a UI when needed, and launching new features that serve up that much-lauded universal accessibility in short order. What may come across as a small box centered in a vast expanse of white is, as you'll see, actually something that's constantly evolved since '98.

Google Search: A visual history

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1998-2001: Primary Search

For the first few years of its existence, Google.com was purely a search engine with its now iconic box and "I'm feeling lucky" hunting option. The latter was meant to help users discover new sites during the course of their queries.

2001-2007: Totally Tabular

If you needed to conduct an image-based search, Google added tabs just above the search box in 2001 to make the task much easier. These would take on a variety of looks in the years to come, but at launch, they were nestled up under the ultra-recognizable multihued logo.

2006-2007: Tabs Take Over

Tabs didn't just stop there. They also briefly crossed over to Google's Gmail and Calendar, offering useful links atop those interfaces. Those apps have since been cleaned up drastically, but there was a time when both were weighed down with clickable, tabbed options.

2007-2011: Navigation Bar

Some folks didn't take too kindly to Google moving that tabbed content to a navigation bar at the top of the page. For a span of about four years though, search links and app access rested there.

2011: The Google Menu

In an effort to clean up that navigation bar, Google opted to tuck those handy search categories and its suite of apps into a drop-down menu at the top-left corner of the UI. The bar itself stayed put, adding Google+ access and notifications on the right-hand side.

2012: Google Now

With the release of Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, the folks in Mountain View introduced a new type of mobile search product: Google Now. This card-based system draws upon user habits and search histories to display everything from weather to packages ordered, flight status and the latest scores from your favorite team. Google's even extended Now's reach beyond just Android, making it available on both iOS and the desktop in the years since its release.

2014: Tidied Up With Voice Search

It may not look like much has changed, but that top navigation bar has been tweaked again. This time, Google's cleaned it up by moving that handful of links to the top-right corner alongside notifications for Google+. There's even another drop-down menu for accessing those trusty Google Drive apps and a handy list of sites that you visit most. To top it all off, the search box that's been there from the very start now features voice search.

Google Doodles

Even before the company was officially incorporated, Google Doodles were a thing. The first was posted in 1998 to announce the attendance of Page and Brin at Burning Man. Since then, the artwork has been used to celebrate all kinds of events, from the Olympics to birthdays of influential folks. The Doodle team has been keen to add a heavy dose of interactivity throughout the years, too, as evidenced by one of our favorites: a recordable Moog synthesizer for Robert Moog's 78th birthday.

Mobile-Minded

"You don't need to be at your desk to need an answer," reads entry number five in Google's "Ten things we know to be true."
Browser-based search on mobile has largely taken on the look of its desktop counterpart. Even today, there's a side-mounted app tray to keep the main page focused on hunting for crucial info. Most Android users have a handy window on their home screens and Google's apps pre-installed, so there's no real need to hit the search web page directly. In terms of the standalone Search app, though, it primarily drives the aforementioned Google Now.

Always Searching

To say that the folks in Mountain View have expanded the search engine since 1998 would be a massive understatement. It's quite clear many of Google's other products harken back to its prowess in handling queries. From Nexus to Now and Glass, there's little chance that search won't continue to drive all that Google does -- no matter how its look may change.
Desktop screenshots courtesy of Google, except for the 2014 image.

Now, a machine that makes drinking water from thin air

Now, a machine that makes drinking water from thin air
The Atmospheric Water-Generation Units created by Water-Gen use a "GENius" heat exchanger to chill air and condense water vapour.
JERUSALEM: An Israeli company has developed a new and inexpensive technology that produces drinking water from thin air a method that can address the problem of water scarcity in developing countries such as India.

Using the technology, a litre of water can be produced for a mere Rs 1.50, as compared to Rs 15 for a litre of bottled water, the company claims.

The Atmospheric Water-Generation Units created by Water-Gen use a "GENius" heat exchanger to chill air and condense water vapour.

The clean air is passed through the heat exchanger system where it gets dehumidified.

The water is then removed from the air and collected in a tank inside the unit, CNN reported.

"From there the water is passed through an extensive water filtration system which cleans it from possible chemical and microbiological contamination," co-CEO Arye Kohavi said.

"We believe that the products can be sold to developing countries in different civilian applications. For example in India, (drinking) water for homes is not available and will also be rare in the future.

"The Atmospheric Water-Generation Unit can be built as a residential unit and serve as a perfect water supply solution for homes in India," said Kohavi.

The company claims its water generator is more energy efficient than other such companies as it uses the cooled air created by the unit to chill incoming air.

"It looks simple, because air conditioning is extracting water from air. But the issue is to do it very efficiently, to produce as much water as you can per kilowatt of power consumed," said Kohavi.

The system can produces 250-800 litres of potable water a day depending on temperature and humidity conditions.

According to Kohavi, it only uses two cents' worth of electricity to produce a litre of water.

The big elephant in the Internet

Internet governance will remain a vacuous word if snooping is not limited
The big elephant in the Internet
Illustration: Jayachandran/Mint
It is the snooping, stupid. That thought springs to mind on the conclusion of NETmundial, the much-hyped recent global conference on Internet governance in Brazil. Through all the technical babble and the meaninglessness of seeking a consensus on the larger goal of Internet-related public policies and Internet governance arrangements, it is what the conference failed to do—find a way to stop governments from tapping private conversations and mail of ordinary and some not-so-ordinary citizens that marks the event. While the key issue of Net neutrality was effectively pushed under the carpet “to be further discussed in appropriate forums”, the monster of global surveillance was dealt with kid gloves.
Given that the meeting came about against the backdrop of the disclosures by former US National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden last June of large-scale surveillance of the Internet by NSA, including spying on foreign leaders, (notably the event’s convener, Brazil’s President Dilma Rousseff), by tip-toeing around it, the conference admitted to its toothlessness.
The fact is PRISM, as the clandestine mass electronic surveillance data mining programme was called, didn’t happen because of regulatory oversight or the current structure of Web governance. The covert collaboration between NSA, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and well-known technology firms occurred because forces inimical to the kind of libertarianism the Web stood for, perverted the very foundations of human rights, to snoop on individuals.
That it was going on six years before the disclosures came and that governments including the one in India initially cited them as routine exercises is of a piece with the aphorism Linus Law, inspired by Linus Torvalds and coined by open source advocate Eric Raymond: “Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.” Sadly, with the conference failing to do any more than issue pious pronouncements, the bugs that allow agencies such as NSA to snoop on private citizens will continue.
Similar confusion surrounds the transfer of the Web’s organizational structure. The US National Telecommunications and Information Administration, which contracts Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to handle the Internet’s global domain name system, said it would transfer its responsibilities to global stakeholders when its contract expires on 30 September 2015.
Just who will these global stakeholders be? ICANN will work with bodies such as the Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Society, the Regional Internet Registries, top-level domain name operators and VeriSign, in its bid to “support and enhance the multistakeholder model...and maintain the openness of the Internet”.
The Internet Society was formed in 1992 by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, two of the so-called fathers of the Internet. Similarly, the origins of IAB lie in the Internet Configuration Control Board, which was created in 1979 by Cerf though in 1984, it was disbanded and replaced by the Internet Advisory Board, a change initiated by Dave Clarkand Barry Leiner, another of the set of pioneers of the worldwide Web. Cerf, who was at the conference, demolished the myth that the US controls the Internet any more.
In fact, while the goal to replace multilateralism with multistakeism may appear to be laudable, it isn’t necessarily going to open up some brave new world, in particular if the stakeholders are nations represented by their governments.
After all, among the invitees was Turkey, whose Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan had already spelt out what he thought of freedom of the Web with his battle against Twitter, and India, whose infamous Centralized Monitoring System gives government agencies the power to access, in real-time, emails as well as Internet search data and social media activity. India’s justification is almost the same as that of the US, couched in terms such as safety and security.
The digital space wasn’t meant to be controlled and circumscribed. Rousseff, speaking perhaps from her own painful experience spoke about the very nature of the Internet being open, pluralistic and free. But for that freedom to be maintained the key issue to be addressed has to be that of the unbridled power of governments to intercept and monitor the private spaces of individuals.
No matter who the new stakeholders are in terms of Internet governance, and you can bet your last dollar a Google or a Facebook will be perched on that high table, governments all over the world, will continue to ride roughshod over limitations that are drawn up. So on to the next conference organized by the Internet Governance Forum and the UN’s International Telecommunications Union, where the same set of participants will assemble again. The challenge too, will remain the same.
Can countries ever give up the temptation of spying on Internet traffic? Tell us at views@livemint.com

NASA astronomers discover Sun's star-neighbor icy 'as Earth's North Pole'

NASA astronomers discover Sun's star-neighbor icy 'as Earth's North Pole'

NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Spitzer Space Telescope have discovered a new neighbour to the Earth - a "brown dwarf," which is as cold as earth's North Pole. Images from the space telescopes also pinpointed the object is just 7.2 light years away, making it the fourth closest system to our Sun.

"It is very exciting to discover a new neighbor of our solar system that is so close," posited Kevin Luhman, an associate professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Penn State, in a statement. "In addition, its extreme temperature should tell us a lot about the atmospheres of planets, which often have similarly cold temperatures."
Brown dwarfs start their lives like stars, as collapsing balls of gas, but they lack the mass to burn nuclear fuel and radiate starlight.
The newfound coldest brown dwarf, named WISE J085510.83—071442.5, has a chilly temperature between minus 48 to minus 13 degrees Celsius.
Previous record holders for coldest brown dwarfs were about room temperature.
Although it is very close to our solar system, WISE J085510.83—071442.5 is not an appealing destination for human space travel in the distant future, researchers said.
"Any planets that might orbit it would be much too cold to support life as we know it," Luhman said.
NASA points out that brown dwarf is estimated to be 3 to 10 times the mass of Jupiter. With such a low mass, it could be a gas giant similar to Jupiter that was ejected from its star system. But scientists estimate it is probably a brown dwarf rather than a planet since brown dwarfs are known to be fairly common. In case of that, it is one of the least massive brown dwarfs known.
Astronomers knew the object was close to our Sun because the "[it] appeared to move really fast in the WISE data." According to Luhman, the closer a body, the more it appears to move in photos snapped months apart.
"This object appeared to move really fast in the WISE data. That told us it was something special," said Luhman.
WISE was able to detect the brown star as it observed the entire sky twice in infrared light. Being cool objects, brown dwarfs may be invisible when viewed by visible-light telescopes, but their thermal glow stands out in infrared light.
Read more: http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_04_27/NASA-astronomers-discover-Suns-star-neighbor-icy-as-Earths-North-Pole-7322/

List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs - Wikipedia, the free ...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars
Besides the Sun, only three are first-magnitude stars: Alpha Centauri, Sirius, ...... solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star, Todd J. Henry, ...

an effective treatment alternative for severe epilepsy

Scientists have built an ‘off switch’ for the brain

Scientists have built an ‘off switch’ for the brain
Now, after almost a decade of research, scientists have been able to shut down the neurons as well as activate them.
LONDON: Scientists have developed an "off-switch" for the brain to effectively shut down neural activity using light pulses.

In 2005, Stanford scientist Karl Deisseroth discovered how to switch individual brain cells on and off by using light in a technique he dubbed 'optogenetics'.

Research teams around the world have since used this technique to study brain cells, heart cells, stem cells and others regulated by electrical signals.

However, light-sensitive proteins were efficient at switching cells on but proved less effective at turning them off.

Now, after almost a decade of research, scientists have been able to shut down the neurons as well as activate them.

Deisseroth's team has now re-engineered its light-sensitive proteins to switch cells much more adequately than before. His findings are presented in the journal Science.

Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, which funded the study, said this improved "off" switch will help researchers to better understand the brain circuits involved in behavior, thinking and emotion.

In the upper left opsin, the red colour shows negative charges spanning the opsin that facilitated the flow of positive (stimulatory) ions through the channel into neurons. In the newly engineered channels (lower right), those negative charges have been changed to positive (blue), allowing the negatively charged inhibitory chloride ions to flow through. "This is something we and others in the field have sought for a very long time," Deisseroth, a senior author of the paper and professor of bioengineering and of psychiatry and behavioural sciences said.

"We're excited about this increased light sensitivity of inhibition in part because we think it will greatly enhance work in large-brained organisms like rats and primates."

The new techniques rely on changing 10 of the amino acids in the optogenetic protein.

"It creates a powerful tool that allows neuroscientists to apply a brake in any specific circuit with millisecond precision, beyond the power of any existing technology," Insel explained.

This technique could help scientists develop treatments for patients with some brain diseases as it could allow problematic parts of the brain to be switched off with light and tackled with minimal intrusion.

Merab Kokaia, PhD, a professor at Lund University Hospital in Sweden who has used optogenetics to study epilepsy and other conditions praised the research.

"These features could be much more useful for behavioural studies in animals but could also become an effective treatment alternative for neurological conditions where drugs do not work, such as some cases of severe epilepsy and other hyper-excitability disorders," he said.

Internal body clock mystery decoded

Internal body clock mystery decoded

Human body has an in-built clock that controls our sleep-wake pattern. Some scientists in Japan have found the gene that controls and regulates the whole-body circadian clock.

Researchers from RIKEN research institute, Japan have found a gene called Chrono, which acts as core clock repressor.

The team also had researchers from University of Michigan, and Hiroshima University, Japan.

Akihiro Goriki from RIKEN explained about the gene saying, "The protein Chrono binds to the regulatory region of clock genes, with its repressor function oscillating in a circadian manner. The expression of core clock genes is altered in mice lacking the Chrono gene, and the mice have longer circadian cycles."

The study was published in the journal PLOS Biology.

Science


  • A Chinese company 3D printed 10 houses in a day

    -------------------------------------------------------------

    Bye street light: Now, a road in Netherlands that glows in dark

    LONDON: A first glow-in-the-dark 'smart highway' spanning 500 metres has been developed to replace street lights in the Netherlands. It is the first time "glowing lines" technology has been piloted on the road and can be seen on the N329 in Oss, approximately 100km south east of Amsterdam.

    Designer and innovator Daan Roosegaarde teamed up with Dutch civil engineering firm Heijmans to developed the technology. The glow-in-the-dark markings are made of paint that contains "photo-luminising" powder which charges up in the daytime and slowly releases a green glow at night, 'BBC News' reported.

    Once the paint has absorbed daylight it can glow for up to eight hours in the dark, doing away with the need for street lights. The innovative technology will be officially launched later this month and if successful could trigger a mass switch-off of lighting across the country's road network, potentially saving the nation millions of Euros.

    Heijmans said that the glow in the dark technology is "a sustainable alternative to places where no conventional lighting is present".

    Roosegaarde's past projects have included a dance floor with built-in disco lights powered by dancers' foot movements, and a dress that becomes see-through when the wearer is aroused. In the UK, engineers have developed water-resistant, spray-on coating that makes roads glow in the dark by absorbing UV light during the day and releasing it at night. The coating can adapt to the lighting conditions in its surroundings to glow accordingly.
    comment -my long wish has come true finally .soon this will be all over the world




How to Protect Yourself From the Heartbleed Bug

Bleeding-heart
Image: iStockphoto, Tomacco
An encryption flaw called the Heartbleed bug that has exposed a collection of popular websites — from Airbnb and Yahoo to NASA and OKCupid — could be one of the biggest security threats the Internet has ever seen. If you have logged into any of the affected sites over the past two years, your account information could be compromised, allowing cybercriminals to snap up your credit card information or steal your passwords.
You're likely affected either directly or indirectly by the bug, which was found by a member of Google's security team and a software firm named Codenomicon. The bad news: There's not a lot you can do about it now. It's the responsibility of Internet companies to update their servers to deal with Heartbleed, and once they do, you can take action (see below).
The issue involves network software called OpenSSL, which is an open-source set of libraries for encrypting online services.
Secure websites — with “https” in the URL ("s" stands for secure) — make up 56% of websites, and nearly half of those sites were vulnerable to the bug.
Secure websites — with “https” in the URL ("s" stands for secure) — make up 56% of websites, and nearly half of those sites were vulnerable to the bug. In theory, a cybercriminal could have exploited Heartbleed by making network requests that could piece together your sensitive data. The good news: There isn't any indication that a hacker caught wind of this; it seems the researchers were the first to locate the problem. But the scary part is that attackers could have infiltrated these websites, extracted the information they wanted and left no trace of their presence. Thus, it's hard to determine whether someone ever exploited the bug, or if your account information was compromised.

What to do

First, check which sites you use are affected. If you don't want to read through the long list of websites with the security flaw, the password security firm LastPass has set up a Heartbleed Checker, which lets you enter the URL of any website to check its vulnerability to the bug and if the site has issued a patch. [Update: We've compiled a list of popular sites and whether they were affected.]
Next, change your passwords for major accounts — email, banking and social media logins — on sites that were affected by Heartbleed but patched the problem. That patch should also include reissuing any digital certificates that might be vulnerable. However, if the site or service hasn't patched the flaw yet, there's no point to changing your password. Instead, ask the company when it expects to push out a fix to deal with Heartbleed.
A big cause for concern is related to sites that have your sensitive information, such as Yahoo and OKCupid (most people aren't logging into NASA.gov with private data). Both companies have since issued a patch to fix the security hole, so users with accounts with those companies — including Yahoo Mail, Flickr and so on — should update their passwords immediately.
It's important to wait to get the "all clear" sign from a company or service before changing, especially now that this bug is out in the open. Changing a password before the bug is fully patched wont' make things any better.
Facebook and Twitter use OpenSSL web servers, though it's still unclear whether or not they were vulnerable to the issue.
Facebook and Twitter use OpenSSL web servers, though it's still unclear whether or not they were vulnerable to the issue. Facebook reportedly issued a security patch, as did Google. Other websites that have issued an OpenSSL software security update include WordPress, Amazon Web Services and Akamai.
Some websites not considered vulnerable include AOL, Foursquare and Evernote, among others.
"It's a big deal for Internet users, especially when it comes to protecting financial information," Joe Siegrist, CEO and cofounder of LastPass, told Mashable. "Some financial organizations are using more conservative web security choices like Microsoft, which is not vulnerable to the bug, so users should check and see if their bank has been affected."
Make sure to keep an eye on sensitive online accounts, especially banking and email, for suspicious activity for the next week or so.
Have something to add to this story? Share it in the comments.
BONUS: What Is the Heartbleed Bug?