Missile to knock out a country's electronics



LONDON: From sci-fi to reality! A new missile which uses electromagnetic pulses to target buildings can permanently shut down a country's electronics without harming people, Boeing has claimed.

The US aircraft manufacturer claims to have successfully tested the weapon on a one-hour flight during which it knocked out the computers of an entire military compound in the Utah desert.

It's thought the missile could penetrate the bunkers and caves believed to be hiding Iran's alleged nuclear facilities, the 'Daily Mail' reported. However, experts have warned that the technology could be used to bring Western cities to their knees if it falls in the wrong hands.

During Boeing's experiment, the missile flew low over the Utah Test and Training Range, discharging electromagnetic pulses on to seven targets, permanently shutting down their electronics. Boeing said that the test was so successful that even the camera recording it was disabled.

Codenamed the Counter-Electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project (CHAMP), it is the first time a missile with electromagnetic pulse capability has been tested.

Boeing declined to release a film of the test, citing security reasons, but instead issued an artist's impression of it on video. A stealth aircraft in the clip deploys a missile that emits radio waves from its undercarriage which knock out the computer systems inside the buildings below, the report said.

The company also released a real film showing a row of computers that can be seen shutting down when the electromagnetic pulse is switched on.

Experts believe the missile is equipped with an electromagnetic pulse cannon, which uses a super-powerful microwave oven to generate a concentrated beam of energy which causes voltage surges in electronic equipment, rendering them useless before surge protectors have the chance to react.

Keith Coleman, CHAMP programme manager for Boeing's prototype arm Phantom Works, said the technology marked "new era in modern warfare". "In the near future, this technology may be used to render an enemy's electronic and data systems useless even before the first troops or aircraft arrive.

"We hit every target we wanted and made science fiction into science fact. When the computers went out, it actually took out the cameras as well. It was fantastic," Coleman said. 
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World's most complex artificial brain ever passes IQ tests

 World's most complex artificial brain ever passes IQ tests

Even though the IQ tests are the most basic ones, the news that an artificial brain can tackle them might give some people pause. Does this signal the rise of the machines? The neuroscientists working on the large-scale model simulation of the brain say this version is still pretty simple compared to the real deal, but it is valuable in helping us see and understand how our brains developed over time.
The artificial brain, built by neuroscientists and software engineers at the University of Waterloo in Canada, runs on a supercomputer, uses a 784 pixel digital eye for visual input and has a robot arm to draw responses. It even has a name — Spaun (Semantic Pointer Architecture Unified Network.
So far this sounds like your average robot scientists have been playing with. What makes this artificial brain different is that it's not constructed like a robot, but rather mimics the structure of a real brain. It has 2.5 million simulated neurons that were constructed to pattern the brain's cranial subsystems. This means the artificial brain has a prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus all wired together to work like the wiring of real thing.
The various sections of Spaun are designed the way scientists felt the real counterparts would work. The visual input from the eye is processed by the thalamus, data is stored in the neurons and the basal ganglia direct the appropriate portion of the brain to complete a task. The team designed the brain to perform its computation in the most physiologically accurate way — even simulating voltage spikes and neurotransmitters.
A basic example of the task or computation required of it is when nscientists flashing various numbers and letters at it. These are read by the Spaun's eye and then reads into memory. Another letter or symbol provides the instruction for the basic input (or memory) and then the robotic arm moves as directed.
Speaking of tasks, aside from controlling robot arms and passing IQ tests, just what can this artificial brain actually do? Is it going to take my job? Not yet; so far it only performs eight different tasks that range from copy drawing, counting, question answering and fluid reasoning.
Chris Eliasmith, who leads the research team at the University of Waterloo in Canada, explained to PopSci:
"These artificial brains don't actually do anything. They don't see, they don't remember, they don't recognize objects," he said. "They sit there and generate complex voltage patterns, but those complex voltage patterns aren't tied to behavior."
What has the scientific team learned? Well, first they know that Spaun struggles to store more than a few numbers in its short-term memory. Bottom line, this artificial brain with 2.5 million neurons is actually fairly simple — but what is interesting is by getting it to process the simple tasks it does start to build more complex behavior by weaving the simpler tasks together. This is the behavior the scientists believe show how our brains may have developed over time.
What does the future hold for this giant artificial brain? The research team isn't finished with it just yet. They want to try to create "adaptive plasticity" in Spaun. This means developing the ability for the currently hardwired artificial brain to rewire its neurons and learn tasks by doing rather than being instructed. And in rewiring neurons, it implies the ability for the brain to "heal" itself — an area of significant study for those with brain injuries.
Eliasmith is working on a program where Spaun wouldn't be given specific instructions, just positive or negative feedback — in theory this would lead to the neurons adapting to finding strategies to complete its own tasks.
The research is interesting on its own, but it does have a larger purpose. Eliasmith tells PopSci: "It lets us understand how the brain, the biological substrate, and behavior relate. That's important for all sorts of health applications."
One example of this has Eliasmith working in reverse. In working with the artificial brain he also "killed" some of the synthetic neurons to see what happened. He was able tow watch how performance degraded — all of which could help scientists understand aging and disorders that attack the brain cells.
In testing he has "killed" synthetic neurons and watched performance degrade, which could provide an interesting insight into natural aging and degenerative disorders.
Interested in the development of the artificial brain? Well, there are a few ways to learn more. ExtremeTech has some additional videos that show how Spaun works. Or, if you are feeling very DIY, you can download the Spaun neural model for yourself (it's built on Nengo — a graphical open source software).
You just never know what you are going to find when you start tinkering with the brain — artificial or not.

 

Prosthesis fuses man with machine

A new technique allows implanting thought-controlled robotic arms directly to the bones and nerves of amputees. The first volunteers will get their new limbs by 2013

The world’s first implantable robotic arm controlled by thoughts is being developed by Chalmers University researcher Max Ortiz Catalan.

The first operations on patients will take place this year. “Our technology helps amputees to control an artificial limb, in much the same way as their own biological hand or arm, via the person’s own nerves and remaining muscles. This is a huge benefit for both the individual and to society”, says Max Ortiz Catalan, industrial doctoral student at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden.

Ever since the 1960s, amputees have been able to use prostheses controlled by electrical impulses in the muscles. Unfortunately, however, the technology for controlling these prostheses has not evolved to any great extent since then. For example, very advanced electric hand prostheses are available, but their functionality is limited because they are difficult to control.

“All movements must by pre-programmed”, says Max Ortiz Catalan. “It’s like having a Ferrari without a steering wheel. Therefore, we have developed a new bidirectional interface with the human body, together with a natural and intuitive control system.”

Today’s standard socket prostheses, which are attached to the body using a socket tightly fitted on the amputated stump, are so uncomfortable and limiting that only 50 per cent of arm amputees are willing to use one at all.

This research project is using the world-famous Brånemark titanium implant instead (OPRA Implant System), which anchors the prosthesis directly to the skeleton through what is known as osseointegration.

“Osseointegration is vital to our success. We are now using the technology to gain permanent access to the electrodes that we will attach directly to nerves and muscles”, says Max Ortiz Catalan.

Controlling by thought

Currently, in order to pick up the electrical signals to control the prosthesis, electrodes are placed over the skin. The problem is that the signals change when the skin moves, since the electrodes are moved to a different position. Additionally, the signals are also affected when we sweat, since the resistance on the interface changes.

In this project, the researchers are planning to implant the electrodes directly on the nerves and remaining muscles instead. Since the electrodes are closer to the source and the body acts as protection, the bio-electric signals become much more stable. Osseointegration is used to enable the signals inside the body to reach the prostheses. prosthesprosthesis.

The electrical impulses from the nerves in the arm stump are captured by a neural interface, which sends them to the prostheses through the titanium implant. These are then decoded by sophisticated algorithms that allow the patient to control the prosthesis using his or her own thoughts.

“Many of the patients that we work with have been amputees for more than 10 years, and have almost never thought about moving their missing hand during this time”, says Max Ortiz Catalan. “When they arrived here, they got to test our virtual-reality environment or our more advanced prostheses in order to evaluate the decoding algorithms.

We placed electrodes on their amputation stumps, and after a few minutes, they were able to control the artificial limbs in ways that they didn’t know they could, most of the times. This made the patients very excited and enthusiastic.” If the first operations this winter are successful, we will be the first research group in the world to make ‘thought-controlled prostheses’ a reality for patients to use in their daily activities, and not only inside research labs.



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