Children of long-lived parents disease free


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Children of long-lived parents disease free
Children of long-lived parents at lower risk of diseases (Thinkstock photos/Getty Images)
Children of parents who live to a ripe old age are more likely to live longer, and are less prone to cancer and other common diseases associated with ageing, according to a new study.

Experts at the University of Exeter Medical School, led an international collaboration which discovered that people who had a long-lived mother or father were 24 percent less likely to get cancer.

The scientists compared the children of long-lived parents to children whose parents survived to average ages for their generation.

The scientists classified long-lived mothers as those who survived past 91 years old, and compared them to those who reached average age spans of 77 to 91. Long-lived fathers lived past 87 years old, compared with the average of 65 to 87 years. The scientists studied 938 new cases of cancer that developed during the 18 year follow-up period.

The researchers found that overall mortality rates dropped by up to 19 per cent for each decade that at least one of the parents lived past the age of 65. For those whose mothers lived beyond 85, mortality rates were 40 per cent lower. The figure was a little lower (14 per cent) for fathers, possibly because of adverse lifestyle factors such as smoking, which may have been more common in the fathers.

The study has been published in the Journals of Gerontology: Series A.

Simple vinegar test to prevent cervical cancer death


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Simple vinegar test to prevent cervical cancer death
Tata Memorial’s cheap vinegar test detects cervical cancer faster (Thinkstock photos/Getty Images)
A simple vinegar test could prevent 73,000 deaths from cervical cancer worldwide each year, the authors of a large-scale study of women in India said on Sunday. The research effort was led by Dr. Surendra Shastri of Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai.


Wealthy countries have managed to reduce cervical cancer deaths by 80 per cent thanks to the widespread use of regular Pap smears. But cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among women in India and many other developing countries lacking the money, doctors, nurses or laboratories for widespread screening. The vinegar test, while not perfect, offers a solution to that problem.

A primary health care worker swabs the woman's cervix with vinegar, which causes pre-cancerous tumors to turn white.The results are known a minute later when a bright light is used to visually inspect the cervix. Aside from the cost savings,the instantaneous results are a major advantage for women in rural areas who might otherwise have to travel for hours to see a doctor. Usha Devi, one of the women who participated in the study, says it saved her life. "Many women refused to get screened.Some of them died of cancer later,"Devisaid."NowI feel everyone should get tested. "

This low-tech visual examination cut the cervical cancer death rate by 31 percent, the study found. It could prevent 22,000 deaths in India and 72,600 worldwide each year, researchers estimate. "That's amazing. That's remarkable. It's a very exciting result,"said Dr.Ted Trimble of the National Cancer Institute in the US, the main sponsor of the study.

India has nearly one-third of the world's cases of cervical cancer - more than 140,000 each year. "It's not possible to provide Pap smear screening in developing countries. We don't have that much money or staff or equipment, so a simpler method had to be found, Shastri said.

Starting in 1998, researchers enrolled 75,360 women to be screened every two years with the vinegar test. Another 76,178 women were chosen for a control, or comparison group that just got cancer education at the start of the study and vouchers for a free Pap test - if they could get to the hospital to have one. Women in either group found to have cancer were offered free treatment at the hospital. Still, this quick and free cancer screening was a hard sell in a deeply conservative country. Social workers were sent into the slums to win people over.

"We went to every single house in the neighborhood assigned to us introducing ourselves and asking them to come to our health talks. They used to come out of curiosity, listen to the talk but when we asked them to get screened they would totally refuse," said one social worker, Vaishnavi Bhagat. "The women were both scared and shy. There was a sense of shame about taking their clothes off. Sometimes just the idea of getting tested for cancer scared them," said Urmila Hadkar, another health worker.

The study was planned for 16 years, but results at 12 years showed lives were saved with the screening. Hence independent monitors advised offering it to the women in the comparison group.

lifelike, low-cost avatars that can be uploaded with the contents of a human brain,

Get right up close to Dmitry Itskov and you will not pick up even the faintest hint of crazy. He is also never ruffled . Even if you ask the obvious question which he has encountered more than a few times since 2011, when he started "this project" . Namely: Are you insane?

"I hear that often," he said with a smile one recent afternoon in Manhattan. "There are quotes from people like Gandhi saying when people come up with new ideas they're called 'nuts' . Then everybody starts believing in the idea and nobody can remember a time when it seemed strange."

It is hard to imagine a day when the ideas championed by Itskov , 32, a Russian multimillionaire and former online media magnate, will not seem strange. His project, called the 2045 Initiative , for the year he hopes it is completed , envisions the mass production of lifelike, low-cost avatars that can be uploaded with the contents of a human brain, complete with all the particulars of consciousness and personality. This would be a digital copy of your mind in a nonbiological carrier, a version of a fully sentient person that could live for hundreds or thousands of years. Or longer. Itskov unabashedly drops the word "immortality" into conversation.

He has the attention, and in some cases the support, of august figures at Harvard, MIT and Berkeley . Roughly 30 of these experts will appear at the second 2045 Global Future Congress in June in Manhattan. Attendees will hear people like George M Church, a genetics professor at Harvard Medical School. Martine A Rothblatt, another speaker at the conference , is flat-out optimistic. "This is no more wild than in the early '60s, when we saw the advent of liver and kidney transplants," she said. "People said at the time, 'This is totally crazy' . Now, 400 people have organs transplanted every day."

Scientists are indeed taking tiny steps toward melding humans and machine — from creating computers that can that can outplay humans (like Watson, the 'Jeopardy' winner) to technology that tracks a game player's heartbeat and his excitement (like the new Kinect) to digital tools for those with disabilities (like brain implants that can help quadriplegics move robotic arms).

Itskov said he will invest at least part of his fortune in such ventures, but his goal is not to become richer. In fact, he seems less like a businessman and more like the world's most ambitious utopian . He claimed that his avatars would end world hunger — because a machine doesn't need food — and would usher in a more peaceful and spiritual age, when people could stop worrying about the anxieties of day-to-day living.

"We need to show that we're actually here to save lives," he said. "To help the disabled, to cure diseases , to create technology that will allow us to answer some existential questions. Like what is the brain, what is life, what is consciousness and, finally, what is the universe?"