Peek into the mind


CHANDIGARH: In his 1998 media address, former US president Bill Clinton strongly denied allegations of having sexual relations with a female employee of the White House. On the face of it, it seemed Clinton had been falsely implicated, but recently, technology has helped analyze his emotions at the time of his address.

In the more than five-minute video, a billboard was superimposed, which added its own algorithmic software to evaluate Clinton's underlying feelings. It demonstrated Clinton's "strong internal conviction", "desire to convince" and "desperation to win the support of Americans," while addressing the media.

Such analyses has become possible with the help of an emotion detection system that can easily understand the meaning of intonations of voices and represent them. The software is being widely used by various global companies, especially BPOs and consultancy firms.

Many interesting offshoots of this emotion detection software have been developed in the form of various apps. Some companies at IT Park, Chandigarh, are also using the software. Nitin Moudgil, who runs a software development firm at IT Park, said, "My clients are based in France and Sweden. Of late, I have started using an emotion detector software. It is really smart and helps you get a fair idea about the mindset of your potential client. Besides video calls, it also helps in text chatting."

Working, future prospects

A billboard is superimposed on the video or audio clip, that adds its own algorithmic evaluation software to understand original feelings. The software is an emotion detection system that strikes correlations between voice intonations before presenting a conclusion.

The algorithms could rank the enthusiasm of candidates by evaluating his reading or way of speaking and also analyse whether he is an introvert or extrovert inquisitive or more practical.

They can also evaluate a person"s mood and suggest a playlist of songs. The algorithms can help computers understand what humans feel, a field known as "affective computing".

New techniques have been developed in computational voice analysis that help machines to identify with the help of writing.

Helps to detect 400 different moods:

There are emotion detection software that can help detect 400 different mood variations, from happiness to sadness, optimism to dejection and seriousness to casualness.

Research and development is on and efforts are being made to introduce emotional understanding into practically everything humans do; including face-to-face interactions, driving cars or playing games.

Steve Jobs showed signs of loneliness and fatigue in last interview:

In one of his last interviews, while Steve Jobs recollected old memories and talked about his feelings while the i-phone was developed, he was actually feeling lonely and fatigued. This was deduced by an emotion detection software. The nearly two-minute youtube video has gone viral across the world.

"I had this idea of being able to get rid of the keyboard, type on a multi-touch glass display and I asked our folks, could we come up with a multi-touch display that I could type on, I could rest my hands on and type on. It (i-phone) was amazing," said a smiling Jobs in the interview. However, the billboard superimposed over this video said Jobs was in the throes of various emotions at the time. There were "conflicts between urges and self-control, loneliness, fatigue, emotional frustration, sadness mixed with happiness, possibly nostalgia." It is said in a ticker run over Jobs"s head.

Tel-Aviv based start-up behind this software:

Research in the direction of evaluating voice intonations to understand underlying emotions and meanings, was started way back in 2011. However, the first success was made in 2012, when a Tel Aviv (Israel) based start-up offered a nascent technology to study consumers" emotions in real time. Their initial clients were call centres. Gradually, more companies jumped into the field. At present, many softwares and apps are available for this.

Emotional analytics engine:

Most of the emotion detection software have their own algorithms that work on an independent emotional analytics engine. From the parent company, license of these algorithms are given to third parties to develop apps and to make a new class of devices capable of detecting real emotions.

Gray area; intruding privacy:

Many voices have also been raised on various platforms against the emotions detecting software. Protesters say it is tantamount to intruding into the private life of people and companies should take prior permission from their clients before using the software on them.

Questions have also been raised on the accuracy of results and findings as it could end up making arbitrary and discriminatory decisions.

Bacteria-eating virus -NEXT virus eating super virus?


Bacteria-eating virus to replace antibiotics?



British scientists have identified a virus which "eats" the bacteria that causes the hospital superbug Clostridium difficile (C.diff), in a breakthrough that could have major implications for the fight against antibiotic resistance. The technique represents a viable alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection, using naturally occurring viruses called bacteriophages — "eaters of bacteria", or phages for short.

Researchers at the University of Leicester have isolated phages that specifically target C.diff, an infection of the gut that killed 1,646 in the UK last year. In lab tests the viruses were 90% effective against the most dangerous strains of the bug. The danger posed by growing resistance to antibiotics is one of the gravest health risks facing the world. Martha Clokie, who led the research, said that phages could have a major role to play in coming decades.

"The future impact of antibiotics is dwindling at a pace that no one anticipated, with more and more bacteria out-smarting and 'out-evolving' these miracle drugs. This has reenergized the search for new treatments," she said.

Unlike antibiotics, phages generally only infect one strain of bacteria. This could make them particularly effective as a treatment for C.diff infections, which become dangerous when antibiotic treatments interfere with the balance of "good" bacteria in the gut. They work by infecting bacteria cells, and replicating their DNA inside the cell. This leads to the cell bursting open and dying, with the new phages released from the dead cell and spreading to kill off other bacteria cells.

Li-Fi: A cheaper, faster alternative to Wi-Fi

BEIJING: Chinese scientists have successfully developed a new cheaper way of getting connected to internet by using signals sent through light bulbs instead of radio frequencies as in Wi-Fi, a move expected to radically change process of online connectivity.

Four computers can be connected to internet through onewatt LED bulb using light as a carrier instead of traditional radio frequencies, as in Wi-Fi, said Chi Nan, an information technology professor with Shanghai's Fudan University.

Under the new discovery dubbed as 'Li-Fi', a light bulb with embedded microchips can produce data rates as fast as 150 megabits per second, which is speedier than the average broadband connection in China, said Chi, who leads a Li-Fi research team including scientists from the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The term Li-Fi was coined by Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh in the UK and refers to a type of visible light communication technology that delivers a networked, mobile, high-speed communication solution in a similar manner as Wi-Fi .

With Li-Fi cost-effective as well as efficient, netizens should be excited to view 10 sample Li-Fi kits that will be on display at the China International Industry Fair that will kick off on November 5 in Shanghai. The current wireless signal transmission equipment is expensive and low in efficiency, Chi said.

"As for cell phones, millions of base stations have been established around the world to strengthen the signal but most of the energy is consumed on their cooling systems," she said. "The energy utilisation rate is only 5 per cent," state-run Xinhua news agency quoted her as saying.

Li-Fi was touted as a boon to China netizen community, the highest in the world with about 600 million connections . Compared with base stations, the number of light bulbs that can be used is practically limitless.

Meanwhile, Chinese people are replacing the old-fashioned incandescent bulbs with LED light bulbs at a fast pace. "Wherever there is an LED light bulb, there is an Internet signal. Turn off the light and there is no signal," Chi said. However, there is still a long way to go to make Li-Fi a commercial success.

"If the light is blocked, then the signal will be cut off," Chi said. More importantly, according to the scientist, the development of a series of key related pieces of technology, including light communication controls as well as microchip design and manufacturing, is still in an experimental period.