; WHICH IS SUSPENDED IN A STEEL TUBE ;
IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE TRAIN IS LEVITATED FROM 360 DEGREE-MEANS -ALL AROUND WITH OUT TOUCHING ANY SIDE OF THE STEEL TUBE ;BUT AT THE SAME TIME FIXED IN UPRIGHT POSITION BY A GYROSCOPE
SINCE IT IS LEVITATED FROM ALL AROUND IT CAN TRAVEL VERY FAST WITH OUT ANY FRICTION AND POLLUTION
THOUGH THIS IDEA LIKE MANY OF MY IDEAS REMAINED IN MY MIND ; TODAY WHEN I SAW THE NEWS ABOUT A VACUUM TRAIN;I THOUGHT I MUST ALSO WRITE MY THIS IDEA ,A TRAIN IN A SIMILAR SITUATION (TUBE) BUT LEVITATED FROM ALL SIDES
SINCE MY IDEA IS VERY SIMILAR TO THE CHINESE IDEA ;EXCEPT I NEVER THOUGHT OF MAKING IT A VACUUM TUBE!! I CANT GAIN ANY RECOGNITION !! AND I AM UNLUCKY, AND FOOLISH , THAT I HAVE NEVER GOT ANY OF MY IDEAS CREDITED OFFICIALLY IN MY NAME
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Startram - maglev train to low earth orbit
By Brian Dodson
March 9, 2012
The Startram orbital launch system would transport passengers and cargo into space in a magnetic levitation (maglev) train
Image Gallery (7 images)
Getting into space is one of the harder tasks to be taken on by humanity. The present cost of inserting a kilogram (2.2 lb) of cargo by rocket into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is about US$10,000. A manned launch to LEO costs about $100,000 per kilogram of passenger. But who says we have to reach orbit by means of rocket propulsion alone? Instead, imagine sitting back in a comfortable magnetic levitation (maglev) train and taking a train ride into orbit.
All right, its not quite that simple or comfortable - but it should be possible using only existing technology.
Dr George Maise invented the Startram orbital launch system along with Dr James Powell, who is one of the inventors of superconducting maglev - for which he won the 2002 Franklin Medal in engineering. Startram is in essence a superconducting maglev launch system.
A spacecraft emerging from the Startram magnetically levitated launch system
The system would see a spacecraft magnetically levitated to avoid friction, while the same magnetic system is used to accelerate the spacecraft to orbital velocities - just under 9 km/sec (5.6 miles/s). Maglev passenger trains have carried passengers at nearly 600 kilometers per hour (373 mph) - spacecraft have to be some 50 times faster, but the physics and much of the engineering is the same.
The scope of the project is challenging. A launch system design for routine passenger flight into LEO should have rather low acceleration - perhaps about 3 g's maximum, which then requires 5 minutes of acceleration to reach LEO transfer velocities. In that period, the spacecraft will have traveled 1,000 miles (1,609 km). The maglev track must be 1,000 miles in length - similar in size to maglev train tracks being considered for cross-country transportation.
Like a train, the Startram track can follow the surface of the Earth for most of this length. Side forces associated with the curvature of the surface can be accommodated by the design, but not the drag and sonic shock waves of a craft traveling at hypersonic velocity at sea level - the spacecraft and launching track would be torn to shreds.
To avoid this, the Startram track must be contained inside a vacuum tube with vents to allow air compressed in front of the spacecraft to escape the tube. A vacuum equivalent to atmospheric conditions at an altitude of 75 km (about 0.01 Torr) should suffice for the efficient operation of the Startram launch system. Rapid pumping to achieve this pressure will be provided by a magnetohydrodynamic vacuum pump.
If the entire Startram tube is at sea level, on exiting the tube the spacecraft will suddenly be subjected to several hundred g's due to atmospheric drag - rather like hitting a brick wall. To reduce this effect to a tolerable acceleration, the end of the Startram vacuum tube must be elevated to an altitude of about 20 km (12 miles). At this height, the initial deceleration from atmospheric drag will be less than 3 g's, and will rapidly decrease as the spacecraft reaches higher altitudes.
View of the magnetically levitated Startram launching tube rising toward the skies
This new requirement begs the question - how do we hold up the exit end of the Startram vacuum tube? Well, the tube already contains superconducting cable and rings. Powell and Maise realized that the tube could be magnetically levitated to this altitude. If we arrange that there is a superconducting cable on the ground carrying 200 million amperes, and a superconducting cable in the launch tube carrying 20 million amperes, at an altitude of 20 km there will be a levitating force of about 4 tons per meter of cable length - more than enough to levitate the launch tube.
The Startram launch tube is securely tethered to ground
The vacuum tube would be held down against excess levitation force by high strength tethers. Dyneema (UHMWPE) is more than strong enough for this purpose. Redundant design would make a failure of the levitation system most unlikely.
The Startram launch system contains other technological wonders, such as a plasma window on the exit of the vacuum tube to prevent the inrush of the relatively dense air at that altitude from ruining the vacuum within the tube. However, all the required technology exists and is understood. The only engineering effort involved here is in increasing the scale.
Sandia National Laboratories has carried out a '"murder-squad" investigation of the Startram concept, whose purpose is to find any flaw in a proposed project. They gave Startram a clean bill of health. Estimates suggest that building a passenger-capable Startram would require 20 years and a construction budget (ignoring inflation and overoptimism) of about $60 billion.
Why take on such an enormous project? Simple - $50 per kilogram amortized launch costs. The total worldwide cost of developing and using rocket-based space travel is more than $500 billion. The Space Shuttle program cost about $170 billion. The International Space Station has cost about $150 billion to date. As yet, we are making very little commercial use of near-Earth space beyond deployment of communication and imaging satellites. Reducing the LEO insertion costs a hundredfold should finally start our commercial exploitation of the special resources of space. Not to mention making orbital hotels a travel goal for middle-class tourists!
Source: Startram
Train speed of 1000 km/hr possible: Israeli physicist
RELATED
KANPUR: Time is not far off when trains
will run over the tracks at a speed of over 1,000 kilometres per hour
with the laws of quantum physics or particularly due to quantum
levitation or locking. In the field of medical services, the MRI
machines will become cheap. Also in next five years, the power loss
during transmission of electricity through copper wires will become
zero. At present a huge percentage of power goes into line loss during
transmission. These facts were shared by Boaz Almog, quantum physicists
from School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel
exclusively with TOI during his visit to IIT-Kanpur on Thursday.
Almog stated how quantum levitation or quantum locking can make it possible for trains to run at very high speed. "It may take some 10-15 years for this to happen but this is very much possible with the application of laws of quantum physics or to be more precise due to quantum levitation," he said. The physicist also added that when the trains will run at such a high speed, the fuel consumption will go down and transportation will become cheaper.
He further said that enormous power transfer is not possible today but in next five years this will become possible with zero power loss. "Superconductors conduct electricity without dissipation. Superconductors on sapphire fibres carry 40 times more electricity than copper," he said.
Almog uses quantum physics to levitate and trap objects in midair. In October 2011, he demonstrated how a superconducting disk can be trapped in a surrounding magnetic field to levitate above it, a phenomenon called 'quantum levitation'. This demonstration, seemingly taken from a sci-fi movie, is the result of many years of research and development on high-quality superconductors. By using exceptional superconductors cooled in liquid nitrogen, Almog and his colleague Mishael Azoulay at the superconductivity group at Tel Aviv University (lead by Guy Deutscher) were able to demonstrate a quantum effect that, although known to physicists, had never been seen and demonstrated in such a way earlier.
He has also demonstrated how a thin 3-inch disk can levitate something 70,000 times its weight. Almog showed how a phenomenon known as quantum locking allows a superconductor disk to float over a magnetic rail completely frictionlessly and with zero energy loss.
Boaz demonstrated where he made a superconductor disk float in the air over a high tensile magnetic rail or a track. When asked how is this possible, he replied that till the time the superconductor is cool under the affect of liquid nitrogen, the superconductor will remain locked in air. "The superconductor locks the magnetic influx lines inside. The locking prevents the disc from moving in space. It therefore, remains in the midair," said the quantum physicist.
During the demonstration, the Israeli scientist showed that he wrapped the superconductor in the aluminium foil and dipped it in the liquid nitrogen. A few minutes later, when the superconductor became extremely cool, he released it on a magnetic belt or a track. The superconductor started swinging in the air above the magnetic belt. It also moved in circular motion on a small track which cleared the concept as to how the actual train will be able to run over the tracks without touching it in near future.
Superconductors are made of a ceramic compound of rare earth metal, barium, copper and oxygen and its transition temperature is -196 degrees. The actual weight of a superconductor is only half micron whose thickness is even less than human hair. A superconductor can levitate around 70,000 times its own weight.
Almog said that he will educate and teach students of IIT-K about quantum levitation and demonstrate before them, a superconductor floating in the air above the magnetic belt. Almog will hold a demonstration on quantum levitation at the 19th edition of Techkriti.
Almog stated how quantum levitation or quantum locking can make it possible for trains to run at very high speed. "It may take some 10-15 years for this to happen but this is very much possible with the application of laws of quantum physics or to be more precise due to quantum levitation," he said. The physicist also added that when the trains will run at such a high speed, the fuel consumption will go down and transportation will become cheaper.
He further said that enormous power transfer is not possible today but in next five years this will become possible with zero power loss. "Superconductors conduct electricity without dissipation. Superconductors on sapphire fibres carry 40 times more electricity than copper," he said.
Almog uses quantum physics to levitate and trap objects in midair. In October 2011, he demonstrated how a superconducting disk can be trapped in a surrounding magnetic field to levitate above it, a phenomenon called 'quantum levitation'. This demonstration, seemingly taken from a sci-fi movie, is the result of many years of research and development on high-quality superconductors. By using exceptional superconductors cooled in liquid nitrogen, Almog and his colleague Mishael Azoulay at the superconductivity group at Tel Aviv University (lead by Guy Deutscher) were able to demonstrate a quantum effect that, although known to physicists, had never been seen and demonstrated in such a way earlier.
He has also demonstrated how a thin 3-inch disk can levitate something 70,000 times its weight. Almog showed how a phenomenon known as quantum locking allows a superconductor disk to float over a magnetic rail completely frictionlessly and with zero energy loss.
Boaz demonstrated where he made a superconductor disk float in the air over a high tensile magnetic rail or a track. When asked how is this possible, he replied that till the time the superconductor is cool under the affect of liquid nitrogen, the superconductor will remain locked in air. "The superconductor locks the magnetic influx lines inside. The locking prevents the disc from moving in space. It therefore, remains in the midair," said the quantum physicist.
During the demonstration, the Israeli scientist showed that he wrapped the superconductor in the aluminium foil and dipped it in the liquid nitrogen. A few minutes later, when the superconductor became extremely cool, he released it on a magnetic belt or a track. The superconductor started swinging in the air above the magnetic belt. It also moved in circular motion on a small track which cleared the concept as to how the actual train will be able to run over the tracks without touching it in near future.
Superconductors are made of a ceramic compound of rare earth metal, barium, copper and oxygen and its transition temperature is -196 degrees. The actual weight of a superconductor is only half micron whose thickness is even less than human hair. A superconductor can levitate around 70,000 times its own weight.
Almog said that he will educate and teach students of IIT-K about quantum levitation and demonstrate before them, a superconductor floating in the air above the magnetic belt. Almog will hold a demonstration on quantum levitation at the 19th edition of Techkriti.
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